![]() General Howe gave orders to sail the fleet up the river to provide new provisions to his occupying troops. ![]() South of Philadelphia in the Delaware Bay sat a fleet British ships carrying the army’s much needed supplies. Without these items the capture of Philadelphia might become meaningless and the British would be unable to pursue and destroy Washington’s Army before winter. Surrounded by rebel forces from the north, east and west, his troops were in desperate need of supplies-gunpowder, clothing, food, and munitions. Although the couple was not married at the time of her service, in 1837 the committee concluded that the history of the Revolution “furnished no other similar example of female heroism, fidelity and courage.” He was awarded the money, though he died before receiving it.As the British marched triumphantly into Philadelphia during the last days of September in 1777, a strategic dilemma faced General William Howe, commander of the army. Although Sampson’s life after the army was mostly typical of a farmer’s wife, in 1802 she began a year-long lecture tour about her experiences- the first woman in America to do so- sometimes dressing in full military regalia.įour years after Sampson’s death at age 66, her husband petitioned Congress for pay as the spouse of a soldier. She received a military pension from the state of Massachusetts. The story of her life was written in 1797 by Herman Mann, entitled The Female Review: or, Memoirs of an American Young Lady. On Apshe married Benjamin Gannet from Sharon, and they had three children, Earl, Mary, and Patience. Receiving an honorable discharge on October 23, 1783, Sampson returned to Massachusetts. She was ultimately discovered- a year and a half into her service- in Philadelphia, when she became ill during an epidemic, was taken to a hospital, and lost consciousness. When she received a gash in her forehead from a sword and was shot in her left thigh, she extracted the pistol ball herself. At the siege of Yorktown she dug trenches, helped storm a British redoubt, and endured canon fire.įor over two years, Sampson’s true sex had escaped detection despite close calls. She led a raid on a Tory home that resulted in the capture of 15 men. In June of 1782, Sampson and two sergeants led about 30 infantrymen on an expedition that ended with a confrontation- often one-on-one- with Tories. ![]() She was given the dangerous task of scouting neutral territory to assess British buildup of men and materiel in Manhattan, which General George Washington contemplated attacking. At West Point, New York, she was assigned to Captain George Webb’s Company of Light Infantry. In 1782, as the Revolutionary War raged on, the patriotic Sampson disguised herself as a man named Robert Shurtleff and joined the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment. At age 18, with her indenture completed, Sampson, who was self-educated, worked as a teacher during summer sessions in 17 and as a weaver in winter. Five years later, at age 10, young Deborah was bound out as an indentured servant to Deacon Benjamin Thomas, a farmer in Middleborough with a large family. Still, the Sampsons struggled financially and, after Jonathan failed to return from a sea voyage, his impoverished wife was forced to place her children in different households. ![]() Both were descendants of preeminent Pilgrims: Jonathan of Myles Standish and Priscilla Alden his wife, the great granddaughter of Massachusetts Governor William Bradford. She was the only woman to earn a full military pension for participation in the Revolutionary army.īorn on Decemin Plympton, Massachusetts near Plymouth, Sampson was one of seven children to Jonathan Sampson Jr. Learning Resources on Women's Political Participationĭeborah Sampson became a hero of the American Revolution when she disguised herself as a man and joined the Patriot forces.Women Writing History: A Coronavirus Journaling Project.
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